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Moving average convergence – Divergence are well-known indicator in finance for determining whether prices are rising or falling. People like to use it to check if anything, such as a stock or cryptocurrency, is gaining or losing value. It’s like having a specific compass for money that guides your steps through the financial world.
Convergence is the process by which the price of a futures contract, for example, starts to move closer to the price of the actual good you will receive (such as a tangible object or cash) as delivery time approaches. As the delivery date approaches, it appears as though the two prices are merging.
When the MACD Line and the price of the securities move in opposing directions, there is a divergence. Divergence that is bullish can indicate a potential upward turn, while divergence that is bearish can indicate a potential downward turn.
EMA = (K x (C – P)) + P
C = Current Price, say $24.23
P = Previous periods EMA, say $23.92
K = the Exponential smoothing constant. Recall that K= 2÷(N+1)
The smoothing constant K, applies appropriate weight to the most recent price. It uses the number of periods specified in the moving average.
K = 2÷(N+1)
= 2÷(12+1)
K = 2÷13
K = 0.1538 (4 d.p.)
EMA = (0.1538 x ($24.23 – $23.92)) + $23.92
= (0.1538 x $0.31) + $23.92
EMA = $0.0477 + $23.92
= $23.9677
EMA = $23.97 (2 d.p.)
EMA = (K x (C – P)) + P
C = Current Price, assuming it to be $24.23
P = Previous periods EMA, say $23.92
K = the Exponential smoothing constant. Recall that K= 2÷(N+1)
K = 2÷(26 + 1)
= 2÷27
K = 0.0741
EMA = (0.0741 x ($24.23 – $23.92)) + $23.92
(0.0741 x $0.31) + $23.92
$0.023 + $23.92
$23.943
EMA = $23.94 (2 d.p.)
The smoothing constant K, applies appropriate weight to the most recent price. It uses the number of periods specified in the moving average.
26-Period EMA = $23.94
12-Period EMA = $23.97
Subtracting: $23.97 – $23.94 = $0.03
.
EMA = (K x (C – P)) + P
C = Current Price, say $24.23
P = Previous periods EMA, say $23.92
K = the Exponential smoothing constant. Recall that K= 2÷(N+1)
The smoothing constant K, applies appropriate weight to the most recent price. It uses the number of periods specified in the moving average.
K = 2÷ (9+1)
= 2÷10
K = 0.2
EMA = (0.2 x ($24.23 – $23.92)) + $23.92
= (0.2 x $0.31) + $23.92
= $0.062 + $23.92
EMA = $23.98
MACD Line: Represents the short-term momentum and the difference between the 12-period and 26-period EMAs.
Signal Line: A 9-period EMA of the MACD Line that smooths out the MACD Line.
The MACD histogram: A graphic representation of the divergence and convergence of the MACD Line and the Signal Line.
EMA of 9-period single line of MACD = ((CP – P9p) x K + P9p)
(($24.23 – $23.98) x 0.2 + $23.98)
($0.25 x 0.2 + $23.98)
($0.05 + $23.98)
= $24.03
CP = ClosePrice Current Bar
P9p = previous 9-period EMA of MACD
K = Smoothing constant, i.e. 2÷(N+1)
MACD Line = $0.03
Signal line: $24.03
Difference = $0.03 – $24.03 = $-24
Signal line compared. the MACD line:
A potential buy signal is created when the MACD Line crosses over the Signal Line.
A potential sell signal is created when the MACD Line descends below the Signal Line.
Bullish momentum is indicated by positive histogram values (MACD Line above Signal Line).
The strength of the trend is shown by the height of the histogram bars
Trend identification: MACD aids traders in determining a trend’s strength and direction.
Signal generation: Buy and sell signals are produced by crossing over the MACD Line and the Signal line.
Divergence: A divergence between the MACD and price may indicate that a trend is about to change.
Trading professionals use the histogram to detect changes in momentum.
Timeframe: Depending on the objectives of the trader or investor, the MACD can be applied to a range of periods, including intraday charts and charts with a longer time horizon.
Simple to understand and use.
Can be effective in trending markets.
Provides clear buy and sell signals when used with other indicators.
In unstable or sideways markets, it could produce invalid indications.
Slow indicator: It might not offer immediate notifications for quickly changing markets.
Relies on previous pricing data and cannot take all market dynamics into consideration.
MACD Variations: To fit their own trading styles and choices, traders and analysts frequently alter the MACD settings (such as the EMAs or timeframes) that are used.
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